Critical thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Critical thinking - Essay Example Its workforce of over 17, 000 men and women voted Iceland Frozen Foods the third most successful company compared with all other companies in motivating them to do their best. Four years before the turnaround, morale was ‘at rock bottom after 40% of staff at the Deeside head office were made redundant’ (The Sunday Times, 2009). It is quite reasonable to assume in retrospect that top management at the time was incapable of motivating the workforce to achieve profitability and ensure the survival of the firm. It is quite likely that ‘scientific management’ or Taylorism as it is also called, may have been, the paradigm under which the top managers of Iceland Frozen Foods worked, in running the day to day affairs of the company. Or, they may not even have given much thought to motivating the workforce, but merely continued on traditional lines, hiring and firing believing that labour was a disposable item. Taylorism is explained as the ‘decoupling of the labour process from the skills of the workforce’, and has been defined as ‘management strategies that are based upon the separation of conception from execution’ Pruijt, 2000). The knowledge and skills of how best to run the enterprise are confined to the heads of the few top mangers. The rest of the workforce merely follows orders to the letter. They have no discretion as to how they do their day to day jobs. They have to follow strictly laid out procedures. This may work well in some industries, say on a car assembly line, but in enterprises with close customer contact, this approach is unlikely to be optimal. Nevertheless, Prujit also acknowledges that McDonalds and call centres (customer service operations) use such strategies and can claim success by ensuring ‘predictability and controllability’ (op. cit.). After Taylorism , Herzberg’s two-factor motivational theory became influential in alerting management to the value of tapping into the need for

Relation to marriage Essay Example for Free

Relation to marriage Essay Acclaimed as the Father of English Literature and the English Homer before William Shakespeare, Geoffrey Chaucer, the writer of The Wife of Baths Prologue and Tale, was born to a middle-class family in ca. 1343 and was once a member of the house of Elizabeth, Countess of Ulster. Regarded as one of the most famous and significant poets in the medieval period, Chaucer was well-known for his use of dream-vision form, his masterpiece The Canterbury Tales (ca. 1387), and more importantly, his contribution to the English language by importing more than 1000 new words that were derived from foreign languages. In The Wife of Baths Prologue, Chaucers precise presentation of the Wife of Baths experience (line 1) of marriage, which she believes to be right ynough for [her] to speke of wo that is [inside] (lines 1 3), brings forth to her convincing arguments about marriage. Obviously in the beginning of the Prologue, Chaucer suggests the idea of the Wife of Bath as being a five-time, experienced married woman, whose first marriage experience comes when she is only twelf year of age (line 4). The wise woman is without doubt an advocate of marriage, as she is always ready to fight back all kinds of attacks concerning her marrying five times with her strong, convincing arguments with references to the Bible although she graunte it wel (line 101) the truth that [one] does well not to marry (1 Corinthians 7.1), as it would be better to continue to live alone (1 Corinthians 7. 8) as a widow, the Wife of Bath strongly believes that there is nothing wrong to marry more than once, as she always agrees with the idea that to be wedded is no sinne (line 57) as long as [her] housbonde is fro the world agoon (line 53) according to her idea, it is of no repreve (line 90) and withouten exception of bigamye (line 92) to wedde if that [her] make [dies] (line 91). Despite the advices from other men, who [keep on] [conseiling] [her] to be oon (line 72), she is convinced that she does the right thing as there is no law that forbids her marrying, and whether to marry is up to her owene juggement (line 74) and decision. Her firm belief and strong arguments are, in my opinion, the results of her awareness of the law and her situation in the society, as well as her understanding of the Bible. Regardless of the higher values of maidenhood, the Wife of Bath believes that marriage is of the same importance as virginity as it is God who [tells] us to wexe and multoplye (line 28) and it is impossible to do so without marriage. In her argument about virginity and marriage, she likens wives as barly breed (line 150), which [the] Lord Jesu [uses] to [refressh] many a man (line 152). Such metaphor, in my view, works well to emphasize the importance of wives (barly breed), despite its inferiority to the purity of virginity, which she likens as breed of pured whete seed (line 149). The Wife of Bath, furthermore, believes that marriage suits her the best and is what she desperately needs, as it is her will to bistowe the flour of al [her] age in thactes and in fruit of marriage (line 118 119) it will definitely be a disaster for her if she has to laden al [her] lif in chastitee (line 100), despite the fact that virginitee is great perfeccioun, and continence [is] with devocioun (line 111 112), which is according to the Almighty God, the way to live a perfect life.

The Ethnic Inequalities Faced In Canada Sociology Essay

The Ethnic Inequalities Faced In Canada Sociology Essay Immigration into Canada totally changed the racial diversity of the Canadian population. In their study Gee et al. (2007) noted that since the beginning of European immigration and settlements, the Canadian society has been ordered based on racial and ethnic dimensions. Ethnicity has occupied a central position in Canadians rising inequality (2007:3). John Porter first studied this subject in 1965 and found that entry into the Canadian elite class was racially-ranked and determined by income, ethnic prestige and occupations. His findings found that, British-Canadians topped the group, French-Canadians took second position, and other European-Canadians were third while Blacks and Aboriginals-visible minorities occupied the bottom strata. Economic Inequalities Empirical examples shows that, substantial and convincing studies have been done on ethnically or racially-based economic inequalities in Canada. Well studied areas on this subject include income disparities and inequality in occupations. Gee et al. (2007) summarized the various studies done on this subject. (Reitz and Banerjee 2007) concluded that visible minorities in Canada have higher poverty rates and lower comparable incomes than ethnic Canadians of European origin. Gee et al. (2007) noted that recent studies on ethnic/racial orientations of income inequalities show that, household incomes of Aboriginals and visible minorities are usually low than those of Canadians with a European Origin. This is despite the fact that such studies have been conducted by different researchers at different times and applying different racial classifications and control variables. They further noted that racial disparities in the household incomes of European-Canadians have nearly minimized. Additionally, they also found indications showing that Canadians of southern European origin earn lower incomes than Canadians of British origin, while Canadians of French Origin earned much far better (2007:14). On occupations, (Nakhaie 1997 as cited in Gee et al. 2007:16) found that British-Canadians continue leading the class of Canadian elites, despite the fact that Canadians of other origins have made efforts to join the elite class over the years. Gee et al. (2007) also noted that the correlation between ethnicity/racism and occupation can be studied in two different ways. One way is by establishing whether certain ethnic groups are concentrated in specific occupations (based on division of labor). The other alternative is evaluating the position of racial groups in the Hierarchy or strata of prestigious occupations (2007:17). Applying the first dimension, and using the male gender, studies showed that Aboriginals dominate the construction and building industries representing more than double of the Canadian male populations. They are extremely underrepresented in administrative and management occupations. Their women counterparts are represented in service jobs. They therefore conclude d that, the Canadian labor force is more gendered than ethnically-based. In terms of prestige of occupations, Jewish, British and Chinese Canadians top the hierarchy. Blacks, Greeks, Aboriginals and Portuguese Canadians occupy the lower strata in that order. In the case of the female gender, the picture doesnt change. In this case ethnicity and racism outweighs gender. Employment and Home Ownership Despite the fact that Canada among the first countries to assume multiculturalism as a policy, cases of social discrimination against visible minorities have existed in history. Racial minorities were supposed to perform duties deemed undesirable for the whites. During the construction of the Canadian National Railway, Chinese males were desirable source of cheap labor. After its completion, the Chinese were no longer valuable. A head tax was indeed imposed on Chinese immigrants to Canada (Kendall, Murray, and Linden, 1997). (Li 2000 as cited in Reitz and Banerjee 2007:6) noted that the main economic problem that ethnic minority immigrants face in Canada is securing sufficient employment. This is associated with amicable reasons like, the entry effect-related to immigration problems and adjusting to the new environment (urban settlement), academic qualifications and racism. Ethnic minority immigrants experience more impediments than immigrants of European-origin (Reitz and Banerjee 2007:6) Gee et al. (2007) asserted that findings show that in terms of home ownership, the picture is no different. It reflects the same strata as it is observed in household income levels and occupations. Osberg (2008:33) noted that, despite the fact that much literature has ignored the role of interest rates, wealth distribution, and household incomes of the wealthy and focused on earning trends, Canada now has much information on economic and other social inequalities and broad conclusions are apparent. He concludes that data shows an increase in economic inequality in Canada today. Health Inequalities Better health care is one of the basic needs that all human beings aspire to get any ware in the world. Low household incomes are frequently linked with poor health. Despite intensified research and studies on health inequality in Canada, little attention has been directed at ethno-cultural disparities on health. Gee et al. (2007) looked at both heath care access and health status. However much of the literature that they examined didnt show a direct correlation between ethnicity and health status. In some instances data showed that, some recent immigrants, irregardless of race or ethnic group had better health than their Canadian-born counterparts. This healthy immigrant effect was however associated with the health requirements in the Canadian immigration act that locked out immigrants with chronic health conditions. Their studies concluded that Canadians whose mother tongue is non-English or non-French are economically disadvantaged. Recent visible immigrants are typically disadvantaged. Their analysis also found significant disparities in health status and utilization depending on country of immigrant and language. The health status of recent Immigrants declines as their years of stay in Canada increase. This is because they hardly report for medical checkups, due to the fear discriminati on, prejudice and low household incomes. Perceptions of Discrimination and Prejudice: A Barrier to Social Cohesion Ethnic and racial inequality might be less decisive if it is as a result of circumstances amicable to the visible minority, such as status of new immigrants, language differences, or academic and technical training not compliant with Canadian requirements. In other words inequality would not be a threat to social cohesion if it is viewed as legitimate. The feeling of discrimination, prejudice and racism is another issue all together (Reitz and Banerjee 2007:8). A 2002 Ethnic Diversity Survey, which sought to get views of individual experiences of ethnic and racial discrimination, showed that 35.9% of all the respondents consisting visible minorities reported cases of discrimination and prejudice compared with 10.6% of all Whites who responded to the Survey, of the visible minorities, blacks recorded the highest rate at 49.6%. (20007: 8:9). The Visible minorities also reported incidences of perceived discrimination of their ethnic group. Despite improving economic status of immigrants as they cope up with Canadian environment and society an ethnic divide in perceptions of racial discrimination is eminent among immigrants with longer stay and experience in Canada (2007:9), this is even more persistence among children. Cases of non-recognition of immigrant qualifications also abound, despite in some cases being equivalent to those of native Canadians. Failure to recognize foreign qualifications and experience are some of the barriers that visible minorities come across as they seek employment. Racial discrimination is viewed with skepticism in Canada, but the mutual covenant is that it exists and cannot be ignored. It is true that one of the effects of racial discrimination of minorities is its impact on the social cohesion of the Canadian society. Social cohesion generally means the capacity of a society to formulate, implement and adhere to policies that guide it. Lack of it may lead to conflicts and civil disorders as it happened in France and the United Kingdom. Other effects may be failure of a group to participate in making decisions and sometimes withdrawing its support for certain decisions or societal policies. Integrating ethnic minorities is an important issue in Canada. Social integration and social cohesion are mutually exclusive and cannot be separated. Proper social integration of minority ethnic groups in Canada is a sine qua non for a peaceful and prosperous society that is viewed by its occupants as a means to the achievement of their needs. This will strengthen the Canadian society; raise the spirit of inclusiveness, civic and voluntary participation in activities concerning human life. Conclusion Inequality is a social evil; no society is a friend to it. The above revelations reveal that forms of inequality based on ethnic considerations exist in Canada irregardless of how minute they are. This is a big concern to racial minorities. It is not only a challenge to the racial group that experience it, but also to the whole Canadian society in terms of forging a peaceful and an all inclusive society acceptable to all. The process of socially integrating ethnic minorities into Canadian society is often slower than that of European immigrants. This is often associated with their feeling of exclusion and perceived discrimination. Of emphasis is that economic integration should match social integration, none should supersede the other. Existing Canadian policies and legal structures are laudable against racial discrimination and economic inequality. This is possibly due to international conventions and pressure to eliminate global racism and ethnicity, but it is not clear whether they are sufficient in addressing the issues that affect minority ethnic groups in Canada. However may consent is that ethnic prejudice and discrimination is a social construction that can only be changed by the subconscious minds of individuals-the way we think and see others. We should all join hands and fight ethnic inequality. We should judge others by their competence and content of their minds rather than the pigmentation of their skin. There shall be no solution to this race problem until, you yourselves, strike the blow for liberty-Marcus Garvey

Persuasive Essay Men and Women are Equal -- essays research papers

Men and Women There is constantly cessation why women and men cohabitate, nurture, desire, and endure. Many shrug the similarities and differences to the side due to the complex nature that is involved in understanding the progression. Since the beginning of time, according to the bible, man was placed as the dominant sex, fending for the families well being. The woman has tended to the important jobs around the homestead as situations arose. Often in society, one will find himself in a battle depending on the views of the receiving recipients. Following is a dialogue explaining a safe and metro sexual view as a general whole. Based on scientific beliefs, one is to think we come from a less intelligent species through evolution. There is also the often believed but sadly never proven fact that we could have possibly derived from a higher power that designed our every millimeter. Also possible we started as a single celled organism by a higher power, but not monitored throughout growth into what we are now. Whichever the...

Marketing Activities by Redbull

Course: International Marketing Date: 29. 04. 2008 â€Å"If we don’t create the market, it doesn’t exist. We don’t bring the product to the consumer; we bring consumers to the product. † Red Bull Co-founder Dietrich Mateschitz Executive Summary This paper is an analytical look into the external and internal marketing activities conducted by Red Bull in the United Kingdom and in Thailand. Through comparing Red Bull’s position within these two nations we intend to define the differences in the marketing and branding strategy of the product within the European and Asian markets. Factors which will be studied include the differences in UK and Thai marketing activities, DEPEST factors of both nations, market analysis’, and a look into the companies micro environment. First a look into the DEPEST factors of both nations will identify the playing field Red Bull has to work with in each region. The Thai market is an emerging economy with and unstable political environment yet persistently strives for westernization, growth, and technological improvements. The United Kingdom is a world power with a strong matured first world economy that wields strong political strength, technological advancement, and consumer sophistication. Through looking at the Ruscon model, MaBa model, and Porters Five Forces we tie their theories to Red Bull’s corporate practices and role within each respective region. A Meso-Analysis of Red Bull is then undertaken to understand who the company is with a look into the history, general market information, market behavior, size and segmentation, and competitors that Red Bull is continually faced with in the market. Next we look into the Micro-environment surrounding Red Bull and analyze their mission and vision of becoming the most accessible and recognizable energy Beverage Company in the world. We observe their regional profitability and position within the markets. In the UK there is more liberal and innovative product placement, while in Thailand the products maintain a more traditional and conventional placement method. Then we approach Red Bull’s regional strategy. We will answer how the company intends to maximize sales of its product within each region. Key strategic tools that will be used to identify the strategy include Porter and T&W, looking at segments and positioning, branding, and targeting. In order to determine what Red Bull’s key strengths are we look at its industry leadership as a sustainable competitive advantage in the UK and Thailand. Its innovative beverage formula and strong marketing techniques are then assessed as being the core competencies within its strategic plan. A final look at the marketing mix via the product, price, place, promotion, and personnel will focus on the entire package that Red Bull delivers and look at all the elements that have lead to its success. A SWOT analysis is then used to summarize the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that are currently facing Red Bull internally and externally. Finally we conclude with a list of recommendations for Red Bull. Our recommendations are shaped to prevent consumers from getting bored with Red Bull. They focus on the company taking advantage of its strong position and expanding their product line and riding the wave of consumer loyalty by introducing a wide array of health / energy based product lines. Contents | | | | | |Executive Summary | | | | | |Introduction |7 | | | | |1. DEPEST-factors |8 | |1. 1 Thailand |8 | |1. 1. 1 Demographic |8 | |1. 1. 2 Economic |8 | |1. 1. 3 Political/ Regulatory |9 | |1. 1. 4 Ecological/ Ethical |9 | |1. . 5 Socio-cultural |9 | |1. 1. 6 Technological |9 | |1. 2 United Kingdom |9 | |1. 2. 1 Demographic |9 | |1. 2. Economic |10 | |1. 2. 3 Political/ Regulatory |10 | |1. 2. 4 Ecological/ Ethical |10 | |1. 2. 5 Socio-cultural |10 | |1. 2. Technological |10 | |1. 3 DEPEST – Differences and Conclusions |10 | | | | |2. Ruscon Model |12 | | | | |3. MaBa Model |13 | | | | |4. Porter’s Five Forces |14 | | | | |5. MESO- Analysis |15 | |5. General Marketing Information |15 | |5. 1. 1 Market Behavior |15 | |5. 1. 2 Size and Segmentation |16 | |5. 2 Competitors |17 | |5. 2. Indirect Competitors |18 | | | | |6. Micro-Environment |19 | |6. 1 Mission and Vision |19 | |6. 2 Market Position and Profitability |19 | |6. Strategy |20 | |6. 3. 1 Porter and T&W |21 | |6. 3. 2 Segments and Positioning |21 | |6. 3. 3 Branding |21 | |6. 3. 4 Targeting |22 | |6. SCA and CC |22 | |6. 4. 1 Sustainable Competitive Advantage |22 | |6. 4. 2 Core Competencies |22 | |6. 5 Marketing Mix |22 | |6. 5. 1 Product |23 | |6. . 2 Price |24 | |6. 5. 3 Place |24 | |6. 5. 4 Promotion |24 | |6. 5. 5 Personnel |26 | |6. 6 SWOT-Analysis |27 | | | | |7. Future Recommendations |28 | | | | |Conclusion |29 | | | | |References |30 | |Appendices |31 | | | | |A1. DEPEST Factor Chart |31 | Introduction Red Bull energy drink has taken the international energy drink market by storm. As the first of its kind within the western world it has created a market, demand, and a position as the market leader and most recognizable brand within the industry. The purpose of this paper is to look at the extreme success of this company and compare its marketing strategies within the UK and Thailand. It is designed to focus on the micro methods employed by the company while also consider the Meso and external factors which affect tactics. This paper is focused towards individuals interested in the energy beverage market. It looks into the different approaches and considerations necessary when on the international playing field. It is also applicable for potential market entrants and competitors who require more information on Red Bull and what considerations must be taken when planning the marketing strategy. Red Bull was chosen for this study because of it strong reputation, global presence, and intensive yet simple marketing strategies. Its focus on bringing the beverage to the consumer has made it the leader and innovator in marketing energy beverages. Thailand was as a basis of study because it is the country of origin for the beverage. Before Red Bull adopted its current western image and taste it existed for decades within Thailand. The United Kingdom was chosen as the basis of comparison as its consumer markets are the most influential and critical within the western European market. The report begins by giving you insight into the Red Bull brand and its history. The product is then described with its core products and augmented products. Next macro elements of each market are observed. These conclusions then progress to defining the micro elements of the product and the marketing plan. Through analyzing the product on an all inclusive scale we are then able to assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats which will lead us into recommendations for the company and conclusions. . 1. DEPEST-factors 1. 2 Thailand 1. 1. 2Demographics Thailand, natively known as Ratcha Anachak Thai, has a population of 65,068,149 people. The population is growing with a rate of 0. 663% a year. This is an average grow rate for a country of this size. However, due to the influences of various diseases, such as AIDS, which plague the nation, the population average remains lower with high mortality rates. The population is mostly of Buddhist faith; almost 95% national support. Within the south of Thailand there are areas of strong Muslim influence. The population is almost evenly divided between women and men. There are 49% male and 51% female. These females and males make a certain number of households; 8. 8 million in total. The birthrate within the population and family is 13. 73 births per 1,000 people. And with a death rate of 7. 1 deaths per 1,000 people the death rate is therefore less than the birthrate, etting infants bring the population back up. The average age of the Population is now 32. 4 years old. This is also decreasing as the birthrate is increasing. 1. 1. 2 Economic With a well-developed infrastructure, a free-enterprise economy, and generally pro-investment policies, Thailand appears to have fully recovered from the 1997-1998 Asian Financial Crises. The country was one of East Asia's best performers from 2002-04. Boosted by strong export growth, the Thai economy grew 4. 5% in 2007. [1] The unemployment rate is 1. 9% which appears to be a low amount, but it should be taken into consideration that there are a lot of people working in bad conditions, even children are working. Economic growth is the increase in value of the goods and services produced by an economy. The economic Growth of Thailand is 4% in the year 2007. This means that there are 4% more goods produced than in the year 2006. The total GDP, in 2007, was an astonishing $585. 9 Billion. Internationally Thailand is ranked #26 in the worlds largest GDP’s. With the historical background and current economy this ranking Thailand is suitable. However when comparing this to other countries, such as the United states it appears very low. Inflation is rising in the general level of prices over time. It is also referred to a rise in the prices of specific sets of goods and services. It is measured as the percentage rate of change of a price index. In Thailand the inflation Rate was 2. 2% in 2007. The income per capita stayed the same however; 9,100. 1. 1. 3Political/Regulatory Thailand is a constitutional monarchy based on the civil law system. The sales Tax Rate was 7% in 2007. On every product 7% taxes are included. Individual taxes due are dependent on the salary received and the amount of taxes that are paid. There are differences in scales and they vary from 5% to 35% income tax. 1. 1. 4Ecological/Ethical Thailand has signed the Kyoto agreement which means they have agreed to reduce carbon emissions and various other greenhouse gasses (or engage in emissions trading). 1. 1. 5Socio-cultural Thailand has a high Power Distance (PDI) which is indicative of a high level of inequality of power and wealth within the society. This condition is not necessarily forced upon the population, but rather accepted by the society as a part of their cultural heritage. The ranking of 64 is slightly lower than the Asian average of 71. [2] 1. 1. 6Technological Thailand has been a country struggling for a long time to move forward. It was a country where it was cheap to produce, but not very likely to invest in. This has changed over the years and it has become a ‘High Technological Area’. This means that there are more investors and the country can look forward to a growing future. 1. 2United Kingdom 1. 2. Demographics The first half of the 20th century saw the UK's strength seriously depleted after two World Wars and the Irish republic withdrawal from the union. The second half witnessed the dismantling of the Empire and the UK rebuilding itself into a modern and prosperous E uropean nation. Now the United Kingdom has a population of 60,587,300 people in total. The population is growing about 0. 275% a year; this was an estimate of 2006 to 2007. In the UK the female to male ratio is about the same. The population is 46% male and 54% female; there is a slight upper hand for females. The number of families living together is 2,648,025. 1. 2. 2Economic The unemployment rate in the UK is 5,4 % which means that of all the people who are eligible to work 5,4% can not get a job, but usually this rate is higher since people are not registered as looking for a job. The economic growth is 3,1% which means that the GDP of $2,270 trillion went up in 2007 with 3,1%. At number 8 on the world ranking scale it is very strong with international trading. The income per person of a citizen of the United Kingdom makes $ 37,328. This did not change in the year 2007 even though the inflation rate was 2,3%. 1. 2. 3Political/Regulatory As in Thailand the United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy based on common law tradition with early Roman and modern continental influences. The sales tax rate is 17,5% and the income tax is directly based on income. In England the scale is between 10% and 45%. 1. 2. 4 Ecological/Ethical England is working on different ways to fight global warming. It is assigned to the Kyoto protocol. The UK has, in 2005, reduced the amount of industrial and commercial waste disposed in landfill sites to 85% of the 1998 levels. It has also recycled and/or composted at least 25% of household waste, increasing to 33% by 2015. 1. 2. 5Socio-cultural The power distance in the UK is not as big as in Thailand but it is still considerably high. The individualism of the people in the United Kingdom is however a lot higher than in Thailand. 1. 2. 6Technological The United Kingdom is a country that was always been at the forefront of technical development. In recent years however this has fallen behind to just normal technical development; its is no long leading the way. 1. 3 DEPEST- Differences and Conclusions The main differences are in the economical factors and in the cultural background. The countries differ a lot when it comes to income and GDP. The United Kingdom is much stronger and developed then Thailand. Thailand is a developing nation while the UK is a first world international power that is well into a maturing phase of its growth. The cultural differences are handy to know when doing business, as it is extremely important to know who you are targeting. A marketing strategy must be catered to the region as they have different needs, desires, and characteristics. It shows Red Bull what it can and cannot do. In the UK an advertisement can be a success and generate a lot of sales; however in Thailand the advertising campaign can be a complete failure and ruin the good reputation of Red Bull. Both countries have a strong environmental focus. Technologically Thailand is building itself from the ground up and the UK is currently renewing its technical structure. This is a benefit for both countries as it indicates the ability to remain competitive internationally. Legally the two countries also differ. Thailand is based on a civil law system and the United Kingdom is common law system. 2. Ruscon Model Involvement Red Bull is low in customer involvement. The drink is a convenience product that most people just buy when they get to the store. The consumer does not need to involve themselves when they buy the product. Brand equity Red Bull has very strong brand equity. It was the first energy drink to penetrate the European market and has developed into a brand that is available and involved internationally. With this there come advantages for Red Bull. Their awareness in the market is enormous. Customers are loyal to the brand. Other brands are regarded as imitators; while no other company has as strong a reputation and the same taste. Often consumers are only aware of Red Bull because of its involvement in extreme sports. Attitude To buy a Red bull can is an emotional choice. You go into the store and you chose to buy it. There is no need to think very much about it which means it is low in involvement and also short buying behavior. Motivation After looking at the model it was clear that Red bull has a strong transformational motivation, but low involvement. Red Bull is a product that is supposed to energize and revitalize the user. It is a product that the buyer needs a positive and functional reason to buy. 3. Maba Model The main difference for Red Bull in the Thai and United Kingdom markets is the size. In view of the market growth, competition, price sensitivity or the entry barriers there are some slight differences in these two countries. People look at Red Bull differently in Thailand then they do in the United Kingdom. Therefore the market share is larger in United Kingdom then in Thailand. There is more competition for Red Bull in the United Kingdom then it is in Thailand. Red Bull is over all more developed in the United Kingdom then it is in Thailand. They come out quite alike on the Mada Model, but United Kingdom still comes out stronger. 4. Porter’s 5 forces Figure 4: Porter’s 5 forces model of Red Bull Porter’s 5 Forces[3] is an external analysis of Red Bull’s competitive environment. As we can see from the model there are 4 main threats consisting of: Threat of new entrants This is the largest threat for Red Bull. In today’s society imitator companies are being created every day. And one of these can actually be better at what they do then Red Bull. This is something Red Bull needs to look after to be sure that they stay ahead of competition. Bargaining power of buyers The consumers in this market have a great deal of buying power. They can choose which brand and taste they want. Therefore Red Bull must be diligent in making sure it differentiates itself from the competitors and keeps its value offered high in the eyes of the consumer. Threat of substitute products Threat of substitute products is the second largest threat after new entrants. This is because Red Bull only has two different products which do not differ so much. They only offer regular and sugar-free varieties. Therefore Red Bull needs to extend their product line. This way they can ensure that they stay a step ahead of the competitors. Rivalry among existing firms There are numerous competitors to Red Bull, but as the market leader Red Bull’s market share as not been greatly affected by these late comers. The competitors are targeting Red Bull but as long as they can maintain their brand strength and image then Red Bull will consistently stay out of reach. 5. MESO-Analysis 5. 1 General Market Information The history of Red Bull is a two part evolutionary process. TC pharmaceuticals in Thailand developed Krating Daeng (Thai word for Red bull) in the 1970’s and throughout the 70’s and 80’s sold large quantities of the beverage throughout Asia. In 1982, Dietrich Mateschitz, an Austrian marketing director for a German toothpaste company worked with TC Pharmaceuticals to cater the product for European consumers. In 1987 Mateschitz and TC Pharmaceutical owner Chaleo Yoovidhya founded Red Bull Gmbh. Mateschitz retained 49% ownership and has full control of marketing and branding outside of Asia. Yoovidhya holds 49% ownership, and his son controls the remaining 2%. Together they control Red Bull (Krating Daeng) branding and marketing of the original recipe within Thailand via TC Pharmaceuticals. The original Thai Recipe is a non-carbonated sweeter formula, which resembles syrup and is sold in a small medicine bottle. The modified European recipe is not as sweet and is carbonated. Since being released in Europe the modified formula has risen to become the most successful and aggressively marketed energy beverages. Mateschitz aligned the brand image with trending aggressive sports, and placed the product in the middle of popular culture within arms length of all consumers. 5. 1. 1Market behavior Brand building To build a strong successful brand a number of aspects are needed for the public to be interested in the product. Red Bull made a large effort to become a good brand and it succeeded in its work, but why is that? Quality The quality of a product is very important, especially for a product where there was no market before it was created, such as Red Bull. The quality needs to be consistent and it needs to be delivered flawlessly every time. In contrast to the competitors, Red Bull’s name and logo is a strong branding advantage. It is well known and therefore helps ensure a higher market share, as consumers tend to lean towards larger names and industry leaders. Communications Communication of Red Bull to the public is through various aspects of the media. There are intensive advertisements in magazines, commercials on TV, websites on the internet, street promotional teams in Red Bull cars, and intensive sponsoring of sporting events (I. e. Red Bull sponsors Thai Kickboxing, and Owns a Formula 1 Team). The amount and direct approach will take slightly different form within each country. First-mover advantage Because Red Bull was fully created by the owners themselves they decided not to make different products next to Red Bull. Sticking to one product was a smart idea because it prevents the consumers and the company’s focus from getting distracted between products. The only exception has been the creation of Sugar Free Red Bull which is responding to the western consumer desire for products with less sugar. This was a smart move since it helped to increase sales even more and increase the advantage over competitors. Long-term perspective Long-term Perspectives lead to important factors in brand-building: the need to invest in the brand over the long-term, building customer awareness, communicating the brand’s message, and creating customer loyalty. It requires that Red Bull continually reinvest profits back into their own brand. Red Bull enjoys short term sales but is determined to find long term costumers. This takes time and is not something done over night. When a good relationship is built then the customers always come back. And it is easier and cheaper to keep current customers than to go out and find new ones. Internal marketing Finally, management should ensure that the brand is marketed internally as well as externally. By this it is meant that the whole business should understand the brand values and positioning. This is particularly important in service businesses where a critical part of the brand value is the type and quality of service that a customer receives. International distribution Red Bull is now sold worldwide in over 50 countries. Unfortunately the drink is not sold in countries among France, Denmark and Norway for example because these countries believe that Red Bull contains to much caffeine for their health restrictions. Distribution of the western formula has not spread into Asia yet, as it currently maintains the original non-carbonated brand. Distribution is as aggressive in Thailand as it is in the UK. 5. 1. 2Size and segmentation Red Bull follows the psychographic segmentation, based on behavior and personality. It is important for the consumer to feel invigorated, energized, cool, and young while drinking a Red Bull. It is also these people that Red Bull wants to sell their product to. With doing this segmentation Red Bull can get as many as possible to buy their drink. It no longer is marketed to only truck drivers and low income workers but is targeting to everyone that lives and active lifestyle. Red Bull is a non-alcoholic energy drink and therefore falls under the category of soft drinks. Soft drinks can be divided into sub-segments and one of these segments is energy and sports drinks. These can be divided again into three different categories: †¢ Glucose energy drinks †¢ Sport drinks †¢ High energy stimulation drinks Since 1996 the market of soft drinks has grown by 5% and by 1997 it reached a total amount of ? 6. 896bn, which is an equivalent of 10bn liters. Moreover it can say that the segment of energy and sports drinks represents 2. 6% or ? 177m of the overall soft drink market. Since 1992 an increase of 64% in volume sales can be found within this very young market of energy and sports drinks[4]. The main differences of the mentioned sub-segments of soft drinks are as followed: Glucose Energy Drinks These drinks provide physical energy through glucose or a mixture of sugars, originating from the Lucozade brand. These drinks do not contain any other substantial ingredients such as Lucozade Energy, Lucozade NRJ or Red Card. In 1927 they were originally positioned as a convalescence drink. Sports drinks These are also known as isotonic drinks, which replace body fluids after sport activities or exercises. Sport drinks help to re-energize and re-hydrate the body and can be taken before, during, or after exercises. These drinks require you to drink large amounts quickly. Examples for this kind of drinks are Gatorade, Isostar and Dexters. High-energy Stimulation Drinks These drinks have ingredients such as caffeine and taurin, which help to increase concentration, endurance, alertness and reactions. This kind of drink is not only designed for athletes, but can also be used for everyone who wants to get stimulated and energized in the mind and body. Red Bull belongs to the category of high-energy stimulation drinks. Red Bull created this international sector in 1987 and the later segment makes up ? 14m or 8% of the value sales of the energy and sport drink market. Glucose energy drinks represent the majority of the volume sales with ? 126m or 70%. Sports drinks represent ? 39m or 22%. [5] 2. Competitors Energy Drinks have become very famous in the last decade. During the last ten years, hundreds of them have been established around the world. All of them are marketed as energy spending and as very suitable mixer with alcohol, whereas Red Bull has never formally been associated or condoned for consumption with alcohol. Direct Competitors Within the market there have only been very moderate developments in the energy drink market. There are only very few serious competitors of Red Bull in the world. These include: Purdey’s Gold High EnergyIndigo Price:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ? 1. 03Price:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ? 0. 79 Lipovitan B3Lucozade Energy Price:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ? 0. 99Price:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ? 0. 49 In the Netherlands the main competition that Red Bull had was a brand called Bullit. This energy drink tasted basically the same, but it was a lot cheaper, like a quarter of the taste. When Red Bull saw this, they solved it with buying the company. Therefore Bullit is not seen as a competitor for Red Bull any more. 5. 2. 1 Indirect Competitors Indirect competitors are those from the glucose or conventional energy drink family. The largest distributor of those drinks in England is Lucozade with a wide product range in terms of flavor. Lucozade owns approximately 90% of the market share of sports drinks which probably is the result of high media spending and the tradition of the company (1927). Another indirect competitor are juices because some consumers prefer beverages with less sugar content, that are natural and better for you. 6. Micro-environment 1. Mission and Vision Mission statement The mission statement of Red Bull is to provide a product that helps energize and revitalize its users. Therefore Red Bull invented the slogan† Red Bull gives you wings†. It strives to provide consumers with a product that will be beneficial to them while still tasting good and being cheap. Vision The vision of the Red Bull beverage is to maintain its position as the original and primary energy drink in the world. Red Bull wants to reach out to as many people as possible and to help these people in their everyday life and with whatever they do. Red Bull says they want to stimulate the body and soul of their consumers[6]. Mateschitz wants it to be something that people can use and enjoy. The company wants to make their product accessible to the entire world, enabling anyone to reap the benefits of the drink. 2. Market Position and Profitability Market Position It is very important for a company to position itself in the right market for people to recognise it. This also goes for the energy drink industry. Red Bull is often called the â€Å"Porsche† of energy drinks. This is because they are positioned at the top as the best product in the market. Red Bull is perceived as a premium/high margin brand product. There is no other energy drink company to this date that comes close to Red bull’s strong position. Because of Red Bull’s industry strength they have the possibility to command premium prices from their consumers, as there are few other brands to compare prices with. It offers something few other brands do. Another example of this is the I Pod in relation to the rest of the mp3 Market. In the UK the average price of a Red Bull can is 1. 05 which is clearly above its competitor’s average price of 1. 03. [7] The price expresses the superiority of Red Bull and further on it proves that there are no substitutes. The positioning policy of Red Bull is: premium product, premium price and premium profitability. Positioning is about the position a brand occupies in a market in the minds of consumers. Strong brands have a clear, often unique position in the target market[8]. Red Bull is known by its consumers as a drink that can rejuvenate the user and ‘give them wings’. Specifically for students and athletes it is a drink that provides needed strength and energy. Red Bull also sponsors a lot of events dealing with sports. This gives the public something to relate to and enjoy other than just drinking the drink. It will give the company more recognition and the people more awareness of Red Bull. Repositioning Before Red Bull became really well known the brand had a lot of myths it needed to fight. There were rumors that Red Bull was made of the balls of the bull, or that it is unhealthy, and addictive. The company does not want these myths associated with the Red Bull drink, and therefore Red Bull needed to reposition itself in the market. Red Bull started new marketing campaigns, and to avoid high costs students were hired. These students went around towns in a Red Bull car and passed out samples. This method of bringing the product to the consumer is constantly combined with entertaining advertising campaigns. For example, Red Bull launched animated commercial campaigns with the slogan â€Å"Red Bull ‘gives you wings†. These methods stimulate the creativity, freedom and inspiration of the consumers. Profitability Red Bull is now standing as the marked leader when it comes to energy drinks. This again says that their profitability is very good. Last year (2007) Red Bull hit an all time high with standing on a 65 % marked share world wide. This made them pull in sales for over $ 1 billion. Other competition does not come near this at all. 3. Strategy Through investing a large amount of money into marketing and promotion, Red Bull has become the company it is today. Mateschitz wanted to make fuzz about the brand because there were no Energy drinks before Red Bull so he was standing in an open market without any brand awareness from his target consumers. Red Bull is currently sponsoring over 500 athletes all over the world[9]. Instead of choosing well known super stars as Coca Cola does they chose to use more youthful and edgy people. For example: BMX riders, skateboarders, and Formula 1 Drivers. Red Bull is also sponsoring a lot of surfers all around the world. After managing to create the brand fuzz, he looked at the packaging. It was essential for him to make a package that the consumer recognized and also made them want the product. This can be seen today as very successful as the can is very recognizable. Nowadays wherever you turn you can see Red Bull. Numerous television commercials rely on humor appeals to attract consumers. On festivals they have big tents were you can only buy Red Bull and then sit down and relax. One strategy that Red Bull goes for is that if Red Bull is sold at a club or bar, no other energy drink is allowed to be sold on the same place. This makes the choice of the consumer easier, but it also makes competition far less. The strategy all along was to make people aware of the product and have it available for as many people as possible to buy it. 1. Porter and T&W Promotional Strategy Red Bull utilizes a â€Å"push† promotional strategy in combination with extensive advertising, public relations, and positive publicity all over the world. Advertising of the product takes place in Thailand in the form of television, print media, urban advertisements, and radio media. The energy drink market in the world is becoming more saturated with competition and is therefore requiring more intensive investments into advertising. Public relations and positive publicity have carried Red Bull over the past 30 plus years. As a well know company world wide it takes part in assisting its people and promoting sporting events and active lifestyles of most people. The Red Bull logo has also built such a reputation that it is widely reproduced illegally on t-shirts and clothing on Asian markets. Regardless of the legality it has been a great means of integrating the product into a symbol of the nation. Marketing Strategy Red Bull approaches the world market as a market leader. Being the pioneer of energy drinks it has developed the largest reputation as the market leader. By differentiating their product as the original they also follow a growth plan of integration. Business is expanded and maintained through direct marketing. Red Bull has greatly utilized sales representatives and sales offices to facilitate in the transfer of their products. Customer value strategy When deciding what to buy, the consumer makes an evaluation of the benefits of the product; a safe home, a roof over your head. This also includes the costs of the product; money, loss of savings, and possible mortgage. The difference between the benefits and the costs is the perceived value. These days the producer needs to be careful how to market the product since the customer needs to think the product is worth more than purchase price. This is a complicated challenge for the producer of Red Bull since a lot of potential customers think that it is only a drink. So how does Red Bull market their product to make the customer thinks they are receiving great value? In the beginning the product was rather unknown and had a relatively bad name. At its website (Red Bull. com), an enormous amount of content is dedicated to dispelling (unpleasant) myths and criticisms associated with its product. Questions, such as who has examined Red Bull? Is Red Bull addictive? , Is Red Bull a doping substance? , are on the website. Red Bull was also linked with alcohol drinks and some parties where there were unfortunate medical accidents[10]. When Red Bull came to understand these questions they informed the public the best they could through the website. This eased the consumers and they bought more and more Red Bull. In 1997 the sales went from 1 million cans to 300 million cans world wide in 1998. Red Bull became known as a good brand because of the smart marketing strategies of the founder of Red Bull; Dietrich Mateschitz. In order to reach the consumers without spending millions on advertising he resorted to buzz marketing to stimulate sales. He hired students to drive around in cars with Red Bull cans on the back and hand out free samples at parties and events[11]. This gave the brand a cool, younger image and that is still standing today. Now that Red Bull chased the assumptions away by good information on their website and created a cool brand more and more consumers come and purchase the product. But still the question remains why people buy Red Bull over the cheaper versions of the Competitor? The reason for this is because Red Bull built a good brand name. The brand is reliable and well known by a lot of people. There are no hidden ingredients since they are all written on the outside of the can and therefore there are no secrets anymore. Red Bull also gives back to the world by hosting big popular events and supports creativity. It sponsors a lot of sports and it is seen a lot on for instance skate boards, sail boats, race cars, motor cycles and surf boards. It is a cool drink associated with sports, creativity, fun and freedom. 2. Segments and Positioning For now Red Bull segments themselves in the Soft drink category within the UK, and more as a pharmaceutical energy substance within Asia. Both stores are widely available in grocery stores, convenience stores, and gas stations. 3. Branding Red Bull is one of the bigger companies in the world when it comes to branding. Red Bull is no longer only an energy drink that you can buy in a store. It is now a big brand name affiliated with more things. Nowadays you can see Red bull sponsoring even Formula 1 with their own car and team. Other places where you can see Red bull is in the Red Bull Air Race which is held in London every year. What Red Bull is doing which few other brands do is trying to keep the brand exclusive in the consumers mind. Both air planes and formula 1 are seen as exclusive to most people in the world. Last year Red Bull worldwide used $600 million, or 30% of revenue, on marketing to make their branding better. [12] 4. Targeting The target group for the energy drink is everyone who likes to drink energy drinks. And this is mainly the way Red bull wants it to be in both the UK and Thailand. They want to target everyone that they can possibly target. There is an age restriction on the drink which is from 0 – 16 years old. Anyone younger then this age should not be able to buy the drinks anywhere. Therefore Red bull is targeted to everybody over the age of 16 that is active. Though in the UK there is said to be three main stereotyped users that can be identified. The Athlete: Physically active individuals that use the beverage to regain energy and maximize athletic performance. The Worker: Within the UK this term is general covering managers to construction workers. Within Thailand this maintains to be the primary target market. Thai workers have multiple jobs and drink Red Bull to keep them productive. The Clubber: This category is fairly new. In recent years consumers began to mix Red Bull with alcohol. Red Bull sells now 34% of its units within bars and clubs. It is almost impossible to find the right target group, the reason for that is because of the various applications of Red Bull. Hence a clear cut categorization in age groups and socio-economics groupings is not feasible. But what we can be sure of is that the typical Red Bull drinker is dynamic and active, the gender does not play any role at all. But it is more likely that more less younger people who really like to go out fall for Red Bull. 4. SCA and CC 1. Sustainable Competitive advantage The sustainable competitive advantage that Red Bull has is it brand awareness and recognition. Red Bull was the first energy drink on the marked. This is a large advantage for Red bull because they could get recognition for their product before anybody else could. Their brand name has become so large that a lot of newcomers struggle to manage through the first year because Red bull has such a large marked share. 2. Core competencies The core competence of a Red Bull drink is that it makes you work a bit harder, and your brain becomes a bit clearer for a while. 5. Marketing Mix 1. Product Red bull has recently released one new product which is a Red Bull cola which is a mixture of Red Bull and coca cola. The other new product they have is Red Bull Vodka, which is a mixture of modified Red Bull and Vodka. Neither of these products is discussed in this report because they just are being released and therefore information is very limited. Core product Picture 1: Red Bull cans Red Bull’s effects are appreciated throughout the world by top athletes, busy professionals, active students and drivers on long journeys[13]. † This raises the question; what is the buyer actually buying? This question directly refers to the core product. What d raw people to Red Bull all over the world is the special ingredient that keeps you alert and awake when drinking it. Red Bull raises concentration and reaction speed. It will also increase vigilance after drinking. This means that the herbs in the drink make you more alert than you were before. Red Bull has a lot of advantages and the speeding of the body’s metabolism is one of them. Red Bull  ® Energy Drink supplies tired minds and exhausted bodies with lost substances and reduces harmful substances. It provides immediate energy and vitamins[14]. † Actual product Red Bull’s actual product is a canned or bottled energy drink that gives the consumer more energy and is also enriched with vitamins to create the perception of healthy qualities. The packaging is clearly identifiable as Red Bull based on the packaging. Within the UK the colors of Red Bull make it clear that it is indeed the ‘real’ Red Bull, but also the distinctive Red Bull bulls on the side and the Red Bull name on the drink are obviously present on the container. The outside of the can has is a dark blue color mixed with grey/silver. The intensity of the blue can vary depending on whether or not the can is Red bull light version, or the original Red Bull. Within Thailand the beverage is still labeled as Krating Daeng (Red Bull in Thai) but is sold in a gold can or a brown medicine bottle with the blue and silver label. The gold can with more substance is more appealing to Asian consumers based on color and quantity preference. Augmented product Red Bull has no special after-sale service but it does claim that if for what ever reason a customer is not 100% happy with its purchase then it will respond to their complaint. 2. Price The price of a Red Bull can varies from country to country. This is because they realized that 4 euros in Thailand is expensive, while rather cheap in UK for example. Therefore Red Bull goes into every country and checks out their economy to come with the appropriate price for the product. However Red Bull is said to be a bit expensive. This is because (Explained earlier in the report) they see themselves are a premium brand and likes to set their price up to those standards. In the United Kingdom the price of a Red Bull can is about 1, 5 pounds, this equals to around â‚ ¬ 2, 5. In Thailand the drink can be bought for a quarter of this price, but is called Krating Daeng. It can be questioned why people still buy Red Bull at this price. There are other options out there that are just as good as Red Bull, but people still buy it. This is because Red Bull has managed to put up a brand name of its own. In the UK people are willing and able to pay more to get the â€Å"real† product. Red Bull is consistently referred to as the best quality so for good results it is the best option. In Thailand it is marketed to the lower and middle classes as a productivity enhancer rather than an everyday beverage. Therefore they keep it cheap to maintain high sales and create dependency for the product within the working class. 3. Place The strategy that Red Bull uses for distribution is an intense distribution strategy. This means that they want the product to reach as many people as possible. Therefore you can find a Red Bull can in as many places as possible. This varies from normal super markets, clubs, bars, night shops, cafe’s, sport centers etc. They hope to reach a larger target group with doing this. In both UK and Thailand they depend on extensive sales representatives and distribution offices to ensure that every vendor possible is distributing the product. What makes Red Bull so special is that they often have stands at events were you can only buy Red Bull. This is because they know a lot of people that go to different events actually drink Red Bull. If a night club sells Red Bull, then they are not allowed to sell any other energy drink brand. This narrows the possibility for the consumer and it makes it easier to choose. Promotion Red Bull is said to have one of the most amazing marketing and promotions budgets in the world which is where the majority of money is reinvested in. And they are very successful with it. Their promotion strategy can be put into three bars. These are Media Advertising, Sports and event sponsoring and sampling. Media Advertising Red Bull uses all the available media channels, including cinema, TV, radio, press and the internet. In other words the company focuses on the media most often used by younger more active individuals. Therefore they advertise in TV shows like T. F. I. Friday and in magazines like Time Out and Men’s Health. Their advertisements in the different media channels are very successful. They allow the consumers to interpret the product and the moments of use themselves. Red Bull achieves this by a humorous and witty cartoon campaign, transferring the message that this energy drink helps you to escape by `giving you wings ?. The idea of communicating with the consumer in form of a simple cartoon is easy to understand. People do not only enjoy the campaigns they even remember what the product is called and what it delivers, which is the most important characteristic for a successful campaign. Sports-and Event-Sponsoring The company also implements sponsoring in their marketing mix strategy. Sponsoring supports the image, the credibility and the visibility of the product. On the one hand Red Bull sponsors the athlete target market in extreme sports such as free climbing, paragliding and motor sports. As previously stated it is heavily involved in Formula 1 and has invested millions in building a competitive team. Within Thailand its reputation exploded through it becoming the primary sponsor of the countries national sport, Thai Kickboxing. Every fighter in Thailand wants to wear shorts that have the Red Bulls on the side. This strategy contributes to Red Bull that the brand appears (logos and stickers) and that the product ? s target market is more precisely defined. On the other hand Red Bull does event sponsoring. The company either creates its own events (i. e. Red Bull Music Academy) where the whole events are promoted by Red Bull or they promote other events (i. e. Speed Ski World Championship). Event sponsoring attracts people’s attention towards the product and connects them to the corporate vision. Sampling Sampling is another very important part of the three pillar marketing system. The methods used are well tested and proven in other markets. The major purpose of Red Bull is to energize, the company offers samples at the right place at the right time, where it can find its exact target market. Examples of usage are driving, studying, working night shifts and sports. Red Bull is following the basic sampling rules consisting of: †¢ never impose the product †¢ always explain the benefits of the product drink always a full can( 250 ml) †¢ It must always be chilled †¢ Always be cautious about whom your are giving the sample to This year 8 teams will sample 400,000 consumers across the UK. Because of its 30 years of existence within Thailand samples are no longer utilized. 4. Personnel In regards to personnel it is ess ential that they are work as hard as possible to make the product a success. With Red Bull this starts with the owners Dietrich Mateschitz, and Chaleo Yoovidhya. Each is in charge of operations within their respective regions. Both are extremely devoted men and have invested a great deal of time to improve on Yoovidhya’s original recipe. It was Mateschitz vision taking the product international through the aggressive use of young energetic sales teams that turned it into the massive beast it is today. Within both nations working for Red Bull reflects a sense of pride. More in Thailand though because it was created there. Working for Red Bull has a lot of advantages. For example every account manager at Red Bull is driving a large Red Bull hummer. Other advantages are extra vacation days, 13 months pay, freebies, work trips, free tickets for several events etc. Red Bull wants their employees to enjoy what they are doing because they believe this will affect the way the employees are working. They find it very important to properly represent their company. It is said that Red Bull is one of the hardest companies to be hired to because they set high standards for their employees. They want every employee to be a perfect fit. Red Bull is getting larger and larger for every day that passes by. 6. SWOT Analysis Figure 3: SWOT Analysis | | | |Strengths |Weaknesses | |Primary Market Entrant / defined the industry |Limited product line | |Large brand recognition No flexibility with formula | |Over 30 years of experience |Matured brand image | |Control of pricing |High price | |Strong reputation | | |Marketing strategy and large reach | | | | | |Opportunities |Threats | |New design |Increasing competition | |New product line |Health trends might urge users to not rely on energy drinks | |Can offer new flavors and versions of the product |European formula of Red Bull may taint the reputation, image, and| |Can pursue African markets and introduce European formula into |popularity of Thai formula | |Asia |Bad press in regards to medical symptoms of the drink | | |People lose interest in the flavor | 7. Future Recommendations Through analyzing Red Bull’s business operations we have developed several recommendations for the company. The greatest threat within both markets is the company’s complacency in evolving its product line. As strong as Red Bull is today once the maturity phase sets in the public will become bored. We suggest that Red Bull expand their line of energy drinks potentially venturing into the herbal iced green tea energy drinks. Red Bull energy bars to associate with working out may be another means of increasing the company’s visibility. We currently see Red Bull at the fore front of active living beverages. Therefore within the UK they should try to offer the entire package ranging from nutritional supplements, protein shakes, to energetic meal options. We feel that their website is underdeveloped and can incorporate more interactive content including fitness/ nutrition advice, sport tips, and active living testimonials. These suggestions fit for both markets as they will resolve each regions weakness. Within Thailand extra emphasis needs to be put on online media as there currently is no link from the company to the consumer. Conclusion Because Red Bull started created the energy beverage industry on the international scale it is now a very successful and powerful brand. Red Bull is well known in United Kingdom as well as Thailand. It made smart moves considering promotions and marketing to make the brand stay ahead of the fierce and increasing competition. In the countries that are analyzed it has become clear that Red Bull is an unbeaten brand. In both the countries the drink is perceived differently. In Thailand the drink is more linked to a pharmaceutical purpose whereas in the UK the drink is more used for recreational purposes. In both of the countries and for Red Bull in general there are threats and opportunities. To stay ahead of the competition Red Bull can change the image of the brand; make it a more stylish product than it is now. The brand has not changed its packaging in years and changing it can make a difference in sales. In Thailand the brand is also well known and has large sales, but here there are also more competitors making their way into the market. One of the main strong points of Red Bull is the original recipe, but at the same time new flavors and additional features of the drink can contribute to increasing sales and more customers. References Website of BBC (2008) visited 17. 03. 08; http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/uk/1437154. stm Website of Brand Cameo (2008) visited 16. 03. 2008; http://brandcameo. org/features_profile. asp? pr_id=44 Website of CIA (2008) visited 12. 03. 2008 https://www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th. html Website of Drawert (2008) ,visited 19. 03. 08; http://www. drawert. com/red_bull_2. php Website of ecandy (2008), visited 19. 03. 08; http://www. ecandy. com/ecandyfiles/SOTIC2006_Grabner(summary). pdf Website of fastcompany (2008), visited 17. 03. 08; http://www. fastcompany. com/articles/2001/10/redbull. html Website of Findarticles (2008) visited 17. 03. 08; http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m0BDW/is_22_42/ai_75286777/pg_1 Website of ITIM International; Geert-Hofstede Cultural Dimensions (2008) visited 30. 03. 2008 http://www. geert-hofstede. om/hofstede_thailand. shtml Website of marketingweek (2008) visited 17. 03. 08; http://www. marketingweek. co. uk/cgi-bin/item. cgi? id=57354&u=pg_dtl_art_news&m=pg_hdr_art Website of Red Bull (2008) visited on 12. 03. 2008; http://www. Red Bull. com/#page=ProductPage. Benefits Website of Red Bull (2008) visited 16. 03. 2008; http://www. redbull. com/images/historysection/pdf/1/Selling_Power_DM_Sept. pdf Website of Red Bull (2008) visited 16. 03. 2008; http://tutor2u. net/business/marketing/brands_building_brands. asp Website of Wikipedia (2008) visited 30. 03. 2008 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Porter_5_forces_analysis Appendices DEPEST- Factors chart DEPEST- Factors |UK |Thailand | |Demographic Developments |Population: 60,587,300 |Population: 64,631,595 | | |Male/Female Ratio: 46%:54% |Male/Female Ratio: 49%:51% | | |Number of Households: 21,263,035 |Number of Households: | | |Family households: 2,648,025 |Family households: 8. 8 million | | |Average age of the Population: |Average age of the Population: 32. 4 | | |39,0 (Increasing) |(increasing) | | | | | |Economic Developments |Unemployment rate: 5,4 % |Unemployment rate: 1. % | | |Economic Growth: 3. 1 % |Economic Growth: 4% | | |GDP: $2. 270 trillion   |GDP: $585. 9 Billion | | |Per Capita Income: $37,328 |Per Capita Income: 9,100 | | |In flation Rate 2,3 % |Inflation Rate 2. 2% | |Political (Law) Developments |Sales Tax Rate: 17,5 % |Sales Tax Rate: 7% | |Income Tax: 10– 45 % |Income Tax: 5-35% | |Ecological/ Ethical Developments |Kyoto agreements |Kyoto agreements | |Socio-Cultural Developments |Consumer Behavior |Consumer Behavior | | |Hofstedes cultural Dimensions |Hofstedes cultural Dimensions | |Technological Developments |High Technological Area |High Technological Area | ———————– [1] https://www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th. html [2] http://www. geert-hofstede. com/hofstede_thailand. shtml [3] Website of Wikipedia (2008) visited 30. 03. 2008, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Porter_5_forces_analysis [4] Website of Findarticles (2008) visited 17. 03. 8, http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m0BDW/is_22_42/ai_75286777/pg_1 [5] Website of marketingweek (2008) visited 17. 03. 08, http://www. marketingweek. co. uk/cgi-bin/it em. cgi? id=57354&u=pg_dtl_art_news&m=pg_hdr_art [6] Website of ecandy (2008), visited 19. 03. 08, http://www. ecandy. com/ecandyfiles/SOTIC2006_Grabner(summary). pdf [7] Website of Drawert (2008) ,visited 19. 03. 08,http://www. drawert. com/red_bull_2. php [8] Website of Red Bull (2008) visited 16. 03. 2008, http://tutor2u. net/business/marketing/brands_building_brands. asp [9] Website of fastcompany (2008), visited 17. 03. 08 , http://www. fastcompany. com/articles/2001/10/redbull. html 10] Website of Brand Cameo (2008) visited 16. 03. 2008, http://brandcameo. org/features_profile. asp? pr_id=44 [11] Website of Red Bull (2008) visited 16. 03. 2008, http://www. redbull. com/images/historysection/pdf/1/Selling_Power_DM_Sept. pdf [12] Website of BBC (2008) visited 17. 03. 08, http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/uk/1437154. stm [13] Website of Red Bull (2008) visited on 12. 03. 2008, http://www. Red Bull. com/#page=ProductPage. Benefits [14] Website of Red Bull (2008) visited on 12. 03. 200 8, http://www. Red Bull. com/#page=ProductPage. Benefits ———————– Figure 1: Ruscon Model Table 1: Maba Model Figure 2: Maba Model Picture 2: Thai Red Bull Can

Free Essays on Italy Between the Two World Wars

Fascism Having obtained a parliamentary majority in the 1924 election and the following year passed a law increasing the powers of the head of government, it was in 1926, with the abolition of all the other political parties, that the Fascist dictatorship formally began. By such means Mussolini, both on the national and international level, was able to expand without any further formal hindrance. In 1929 following the Concordato with the Catholic Church, he also managed to gain the support or at least not the hostility of the Church itself an through this the Catholic masses, which were equivalent to the majority of Italians. Such consensus increased also because of an undoubted improvement in the country's economic condition and a policy of social reform involving the poorest classes. The continuation of land reclamation, already begun in the previous century even before the unification, increased the amount of land under cultivation with a satisfactory level of basic provisions. Examples of these initiatives can be found in the `grain battle' and the draining of the agro pontino, which produced an entirely new piece of territory. At the same time, industry was being brought up to date and developed, especially after the world economic crisis of 1929. The Istituto Mobiliare Italiano was created in 1931 to provide credit for industry and the Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale (1933) began the era of public intervention in large-scale industrial reform. In its external policy the Fascist regime especially sought prestige by further colonial expansion, as that into Ethiopia (1935-36) or participation in the Spanish Civil War on the side of Franco's forces. Gradually, Italy's good relations with France, Britain and the Soviet Union (whose revolutionary government Italy was the first country to recognize) deteriorated, while her links with Hitler's Germany increased (Rome-Berlin Axis, 1936). In 1939 the Pact of Steel with Germany,... Free Essays on Italy Between the Two World Wars Free Essays on Italy Between the Two World Wars Fascism Having obtained a parliamentary majority in the 1924 election and the following year passed a law increasing the powers of the head of government, it was in 1926, with the abolition of all the other political parties, that the Fascist dictatorship formally began. By such means Mussolini, both on the national and international level, was able to expand without any further formal hindrance. In 1929 following the Concordato with the Catholic Church, he also managed to gain the support or at least not the hostility of the Church itself an through this the Catholic masses, which were equivalent to the majority of Italians. Such consensus increased also because of an undoubted improvement in the country's economic condition and a policy of social reform involving the poorest classes. The continuation of land reclamation, already begun in the previous century even before the unification, increased the amount of land under cultivation with a satisfactory level of basic provisions. Examples of these initiatives can be found in the `grain battle' and the draining of the agro pontino, which produced an entirely new piece of territory. At the same time, industry was being brought up to date and developed, especially after the world economic crisis of 1929. The Istituto Mobiliare Italiano was created in 1931 to provide credit for industry and the Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale (1933) began the era of public intervention in large-scale industrial reform. In its external policy the Fascist regime especially sought prestige by further colonial expansion, as that into Ethiopia (1935-36) or participation in the Spanish Civil War on the side of Franco's forces. Gradually, Italy's good relations with France, Britain and the Soviet Union (whose revolutionary government Italy was the first country to recognize) deteriorated, while her links with Hitler's Germany increased (Rome-Berlin Axis, 1936). In 1939 the Pact of Steel with Germany,...

Pen Names

Pen Names Pen Names Pen Names By Ali Hale A reader, who wishes to remain anonymous, uses his real name in his writing for a weekly newspaper, but is considering using a pen name for other work. He wrote: I have had heavy criticisms attached to my birth name, before my professional career [as a journalist] even started, and believe with a pen name I can have a fresh start. My question for you is this: When should a writer use a pen name? Should a writer use a pen name at all? What is a pen name? A â€Å"pen name† or â€Å"nom de plume† is a pseudonym used by an author. Sometimes it’s used to remain anonymous, but authors often don’t mind their pen names being known – they just use different names for their writing in separate genres, to avoid confusing their readers. Professionals in other creative fields also use pseudonyms, but these aren’t called pen names; for example, an actor taking on a different name is using a â€Å"stage name†. The phrase â€Å"nom de plume†, as explained by Maeve in French Words for Writers was adapted from the French â€Å"nom de guerre† – a fictional â€Å"war name†. Famous people with pen names Authors throughout the centuries have used pen names. You’ve probably heard of the following authors: George Orwell (real name Eric Arthur Blair) George Eliot (real name Mary Ann Evans) Lewis Carroll (real name Charles Lutwidge Dodgson) And many writers today use pen names. For example, Alisa Zinovyevna Rosenbaum is the real name of Ayn Rand (she wrote the famous novel Atlas Shrugged, examining philosophical and political themes). Margaret Astrid Lindholm Ogden, a fantasy author, writes under two pen names: Megan Lindholm for her earlier, contemporary fantasy, and Robin Hobb for her epic, traditional fantasy books. Why use a pen name? Authors use pen names for a wide variety of reasons, which include: To remain anonymous (especially if producing a politically or religiously sensitive work) This is perhaps less common today, but sometimes occurs if a very personal or sexually explicit work is written. An example is the author Belle de Jour (who writes a blog Belle de Jour: diary of a London call girl and has had two books published based on the blog). Some people see this form of anonymity as a ploy to provoke media interest, as newspapers compete to discover the real identity of such authors. To change or conceal gender In the 18th century, many female authors used male pen names in order to be taken seriously. George Eliot is the most famous example, though the Bronte sisters all wrote under pen names too. This trend still continues in some genres today: for example, female fantasy or science fiction authors will often use a gender-neutral name (Robin Hobb) or use their initials (J.K. Rowling) as the genre has traditionally attracted more male readers and authors. A similar effect can be seen when male authors adopt a female pen name to write a chick lit or romance novel. To write across multiple genres Lewis Carroll also wrote mathematical textbooks under his real name (Charles Dodgson), so adopted a pen name for his children’s novels. Authors today who write in multiple genres will sometimes use a different name for each one, to avoid confusing readers. Others use alternative forms of their real name; for example, the author Iain Menzies Banks writes mainstream fiction under the name Iain Banks and science fiction as Iain M Banks. To recover from poor sales or reputation If, as in the question from our reader above, an author’s real name has attracted criticism – it may be worth considering changing to a pen name. Sometimes, the first few novels by a new author don’t sell well in bookshops, leading publishers to reject future submissions: changing to a pen name is often recommended in these circumstances. Holly Lisle suggests, in her FAQs about writing: Authors whose first three or so books have returns of fifty percent or more are out of the game. Publishers will stop buying from them not just your current publisher, but also the other publishers you might hope to sell to.†¦ This is where pen names can be useful more than one author with bad numbers has started over with a new name, in essence becoming a first novelist again and acquiring a clean publishing history in the process. So should you use a pen name? If you are trying to build up a reputation in multiple genres, using a pen name (or several pen names) is probably a good idea. And if your real name (or current pen name) has attracted heavy criticism or negative publicity, switching to a new name could be a good way to recover. Even if people do know what your real name is, you’ll be referred to by your pen name and it’s likely that few people will make a connection with your previous writings. However, adopting a pen name means building up your reputation again from scratch – which could be a particular problem for freelance writers. You’ll still have all your experience and knowledge, but you may not want to use existing clippings of your writing which were published under your previous name. If you’re using a pen name in an attempt to remain anonymous, be aware that people are often insatiably curious when they suspect a secret – you may well be â€Å"discovered†. In some cases, this can lead to great publicity, but if your client or publisher suspects you of trying to conceal a less-than-stellar past, it may backfire. Ultimately, only you can decide whether it’s best for you to adopt a pen name or not. Many very successful authors have done so in the past, though, and many do today – so you’ll be in good company if you decide to use one! If you’ve written under a pen name – or even just considered using one – why not share your experience in the comments or on the Daily Writing Tips forum? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Whimsical Words15 Words for Household Rooms, and Their SynonymsHyphenation in Compound Nouns

Cj490 Pre-Test Essay Example

Cj490 Pre Cj490 Pre-Test Essay Cj490 Pre-Test Essay The two pillars of social science are: (Points : 1) | Luck and logic. Observation and theory. Logic and observation. Theory and luck. | 2. Which is not a particularly useful thing to assess in designing a research project? (Points : 1) | How popular the research topic is. Whether the researcher has the ability to research the topic. Whether the researcher is interested in researching the topic. The resources that are available to the researcher. | 3. In the phrase â€Å"Colors: Red and Green,† which are variables and which are attributes? Points : 1) | All are variables and red and green are also attributes. Colors is a variable, and red and green are attributes. Red and Green are variables, and colors is an attribute. All are attributes, but Color is also a variable. | 4. Randomization is essential to eliminating bias in selecting control groups. (Points : 1) | True False | 5. Which of the following asks research subjects to recommend others to join the study? (Points : 1) | A purposive sample A probability sample A quota sample A snowball sample | 6. Which of the following is the best example of an open ended question? Points : 1) | Are you for or against capital punishment? Should there by longer jail sentences for gun-related crimes? Do police officers need better social skills to deal with the public? What are the major problems facing law enforcement officers today? | 7. Evaluation research refers to: (Points : 1) | A specific research method. A specific research purpose. A general research method. A general research purpose. | 8. Overgeneralization is assuming patterns without having observed enough similarities. (Points : 1) | True False | 9. In which example is the cat the independent variable? Points : 1) | The dog and the cat fell asleep side by side. The cat is smaller than the dog. The cat’s loud meowing woke up the dog. The dog’s loud bark frightened the cat. | 10. Validity concerns whether researchers have valid credentials. (Points : 1) | True False | 11. Relying on information previously gathered by others is known as a: (Points : 1) | A repeated analysis. Refined analysis. Secondary analysis. Substituted analysis. | 12. A description of exactly two variables is known as a: (Points : 1) | Bivariate analysis Multivariate analysis Nonvariate analysis Univariate analysis | 13. Experiments that lack random assignment of subjects are known as quasi-experiments. (Points : 1) | True False | 14. A Census Bureau report is an example of: (Points : 1) | Published statistics. Nonpublic agency records. New data collected by agency staff. Historical archives. | 15. Complete observers: (Points : 1) | Neither observe the process nor participate in it. Observe the process but do not participate in it. Observe the process and participate in it. Do not observe the process but participate in it. |

Organizational behavior in International Business Machine (IBM) Case Study

Organizational behavior in International Business Machine (IBM) - Case Study Example The organizational behavior provides a guideline or the mainframe through which organizations achieve their goals by the implementation of the policies. The absence of proper organizational behavior policies in an organization does no good to the overall success of it in the market. The overall process of organization behavior deals with the thoughts, feelings and emotions which arise among the employees in the workplace. ... In matters of organizational behavior, motivation is a key factor for directing the employees to attain the goals of the organization. With the help of motivation, an employee raises their level of efficiency and performs better. The increased level of motivation provided by the employers also helps in the development of loyalty among the employees. The overall image of the organization also improves if the employees are motivated in a proper fashion. The range of factors which motivates the employees all depends upon the need of the individuals and without the needs the employees or the individuals will not be motivated considerably (Dewhurst, et al, 2009). According to Maslow, the needs of the individuals follow a hierarchy and he segregated the five levels of needs based on their importance. The five levels of needs addressed by him are based on physiological context, the security of an individual, needs based on esteem and self actualizations. The physiological needs of the indiv idual constitute the basic elements which are required by the individual for survival like food, water. From the view point of the organization, physiological needs constitute the adequate salary and working environment, so that the employees can sustain in the organization for a long period of time. The security and the safety needs of the individual involves requirement of a place for living where they can be protected from various environmental hazards and human threats. Security needs in an organization deals with providing the employees a secured career where they can meet their professional goals. The social needs of an individual according to Maslow, relates to the social aspects of human life. It includes needs for the individual to be recognized in the

Ethics & International Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethics & International Relations - Essay Example 1These myths describe many things some may look reasonable and easy to understand whereas others may not look logical. But all these myths and narrative whether reasonable or not help us to understand the big games played between big powers. These myths also indicate that events taking place around the world are ethical and moral. These myths can also answer this important question: Can International Relations theory ever be truly ethical? Generally it is said that whatever rules of fair play are taught by religion and traditional values of society are called ethics. It is important to understand the comprehensive definition of ethics. A complete clarity about what ethics or morality is necessary since there are many confusing views presented by some philosophers. The modern views about ethics clarify much confusion. The modern views are: Although it is debatable that what exact range should ethics cover. But majority of scholars agrees that it should be related to the particular concepts like vice, benefit, disgrace, obligation, duty, virtue etc. Many people look for ethical teachings in religion and tradition. But in contemporary world, these sources may not provide adequate answers. If they provide answers then they become controversial because of different interpretations. Similarly, culture also can not provide complete ethical answers in various situations. If the culture of a nation gives one interpretation then it is quite possible that culture of other nation may contradict it. But it is also true that most of the cultures have many common points to be agreed on. Almost all cultures accept and preach the common virtues like truth, honesty, steadfastness etc. It is therefore necessary to evolve a universal ethical theory. 2The universal values can take varied cultural forms in various places. Other ethical concepts can prove to be universal in reach but

Rhetorical Analysis based on the rhetoric of a SPECIFIC web site(s) Essay

Rhetorical Analysis based on the rhetoric of a SPECIFIC web site(s) that writes about creationism and, or evolution - Essay Example there is an improvement and support of education in evolution, change in climate, science nature and the general increment of public understanding of the subjects (NCSE). Through their website, the centre has been able to identify their target market which is the main audience who happen to be the teachers thereby ensuring that the knowledge put on their website will be put through to the students by teachers through educating them on the issues that concern science and the science world. This is mostly done before the launch of the website although hit is a continuous process that goes beyond the launching into actual hosting with the help of the marketing fraternity. Moreover, the centre has been able to determine the size of its target market-who are mostly teachers and other concerned parties. They are sure that the teachers in public schools are growing with the increase of pupil in school hence facilitating the education of science and science world, which is their main aim as a centre. Through their website, it is evident that (NCSE) has been able to meet their mission and purpose especially with the fact that the information put is been used by the audience appropriately. The NCSE has been able to identify with the teaching fraternity all over the world since it was started over three decades ago, by ensuring that there is a production of a series of publications, which report on the creationism and or evolution controversy as well as providing resources for activists, which in this case are the teachers and other concerned parties. In essence, it has been able to give a wide coverage of all aspects of science that revolve around these theories. Additionally, NCSE has been able to bring teachers and activists together for a common goal. Members have the privilege of having printed, which help the share knowledge to other people. NCSE has been able to pass its message to the audience in several ways. First, the centre has been able to give information

Financial Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Financial Services - Essay Example ave assumed new perspectives with most of the advisory services being focused on marketing specific financial products to the customers rather than highlighting the potential benefits, scope and efficiency of different products. The financial advisor receives commission based on the sales of the specific financial product. In view of this lack of transparency and increasing variation in financial charges by service providers are considered the primary reason behind the framing of the Retail Distribution Review (RDR). The RDR was initiated by the Financial Services Authority (FSA) in June 2006 with the primary objective of shifting the retail financial service industry away from commission based revenue paid by customers for financial advice. The RDR proposes to remove such practices and provide a ground for fair customer treatment. â€Å"Under the proposed FSA rules, an advisor firm will be prohibited from holding itself out to a retail client as acting independently unless the advisory service that it offers to the client is unbiased and unrestricted; and based on a comprehensive and fair analysis of the relevant market† (Smith, 2009). The key features of the RDR are improving the clarity for customers about financial advisory services, addressing the potential for remuneration bias, and increasing the potential standards of advisors (Davies, 2009). The RDR will have an impact on any financial institutions or agencies involved in retail investment dealings, trading and professional bodies, financial product providers, advisory firms, distributors, investment advisors, banks, building societies, mutual funds, and consumers (Davies, 2009). To gain an improved understanding of the impact of RDR on retail investment markets, firms should conduct an impact analysis to evaluate the effects of this framework on their business (KPMG, 2010). There are number of challenges facing the effective implementation of RDR in the present industry environment and existing business

Incorporate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Incorporate - Essay Example This price that the option is offered is referred to as a â€Å"grant† price. This â€Å"grant† price is usually the market value of the shares at the time the employees are granted that opportunity to receive the stock option. Those employees that have received the grant hope that the market value of the shares will later increase and thus benefit from the grant. This program is perceived as a flexible way of sharing the company’s ownership with employees. This thus calls for high performance of employees as they feel attached to the company they are working for. It also attracts and retains a motivated workforce. However the option is not a strategy that would work for a company that its future is not certain as members and staff off the company would take that opportunity to sell their shares to avoid total loss of their investment. This can be valued by using the information of the company’s annual report. Using HP as our case study we begin by valuing the employee stock options using the black-Scholes option pricing method. To calculate the black-Scholes value, we combine the information with our estimates of the following

Data Interpretation Practicum Statistics Project

Data Interpretation Practicum - Statistics Project Example A regression procedure would further help in predicting the injury rate based on working hours. However, discriminant analysis cannot be used. The average working hours in the three states is 2183.07 hour while the average injury rate in the three states is 2.4446. The true population mean for average working hours in the three states is bound between 45575.96 and 54345.61 while true injury rate mean for average working hours in the three states is bound between 10.26 and 20.09. From this output, the correlation coefficient between hours worked and injury rate is -0.636. This implies that as work hours increases, injury rate reduces (p-value ~ 0.000). The test is significant, hence we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the two variables are correlated. This value is consistent with the observation from a scatterplot of the two variables shown above. A possible explanation for the observation made is that only a few injuries are normally witnessed, hence, increasing the hours worked does not necessarily lead to an increase in the number of injuries. Since injury rate is obtained by dividing the number of hours worked by the number of injuries, the values reduces as hours worked increases. The value of the correlation coefficient does not imply that increasing the number of working hours results into less

Financial Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Financial Services - Essay Example ave assumed new perspectives with most of the advisory services being focused on marketing specific financial products to the customers rather than highlighting the potential benefits, scope and efficiency of different products. The financial advisor receives commission based on the sales of the specific financial product. In view of this lack of transparency and increasing variation in financial charges by service providers are considered the primary reason behind the framing of the Retail Distribution Review (RDR). The RDR was initiated by the Financial Services Authority (FSA) in June 2006 with the primary objective of shifting the retail financial service industry away from commission based revenue paid by customers for financial advice. The RDR proposes to remove such practices and provide a ground for fair customer treatment. â€Å"Under the proposed FSA rules, an advisor firm will be prohibited from holding itself out to a retail client as acting independently unless the advisory service that it offers to the client is unbiased and unrestricted; and based on a comprehensive and fair analysis of the relevant market† (Smith, 2009). The key features of the RDR are improving the clarity for customers about financial advisory services, addressing the potential for remuneration bias, and increasing the potential standards of advisors (Davies, 2009). The RDR will have an impact on any financial institutions or agencies involved in retail investment dealings, trading and professional bodies, financial product providers, advisory firms, distributors, investment advisors, banks, building societies, mutual funds, and consumers (Davies, 2009). To gain an improved understanding of the impact of RDR on retail investment markets, firms should conduct an impact analysis to evaluate the effects of this framework on their business (KPMG, 2010). There are number of challenges facing the effective implementation of RDR in the present industry environment and existing business